Gender-Based Violence in Women's Labor Relations in Mexico

The economic crisis caused by the pandemic due to the virus that produces the disease called COVID19 has caused unemployment to affect people who had some work activity, whether in stores, offices, cab drivers, or official agencies, among others. This global situation caused health authorities to order the closure of workplaces, negatively impacting employment and working conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean, causing a setback of more than a decade in progress achieved in labor participation. Furthermore, it is assumed that inequality and discrimination against women in the economy and the labor context in this confinement stage due to the pandemic generated by the SARSCoV-2 virus have impacted gender violence against women in Mexico.

[Association of neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet ratio with acute kidney injury in sepsis]

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in sepsis (25 to 51%), with high mortality (40 to 80%) and long-term complications. Despite its importance we do not have accessible markers in intensive care. In other entities (post-surgical and COVID-19) the neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet (N/LP) ratio has been associated with acute kidney injury;however, this relationship has not been studied in a pathology with a severe inflammatory response such as sepsis. Objective: To demonstrate the association between N/LP with AKI secondary to sepsis in intensive care. Material and methods: Ambispective cohort study in patients over 18 years who were admitted to intensive care with a diagnosis of sepsis. The N/LP ratio was calculated from admission up to the seventh day and up to the diagnosis of AKI and outcome. Statistical analysis was performed with chi squared test, Cramer's V and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Out of the 239 patients studied, the incidence of AKI developed in 70%. 80.9% of patients with N/LP ratio > 3 had AKI (p < 0.0001, Cramer's V 0.458, OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.602-5.8) and increased renal replacement therapy (21.1 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.043). Conclusion: N/LP ratio > 3 has a moderate association with AKI secondary to sepsis in the intensive care unit. Copyright © 2023 Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.

Recovery from Work: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

Work is a fundamental condition of human life, but it can become dysfunctional because in certain situations it may lead to undesirable and harmful consequences. In this context, recovery from work (recovery) is conceived as a counterpoint to the straining processes to which the employee is exposed in the workplace. Among the different recovery strategies adopted by workers, those carried out outside working hours are especially relevant. Scientific interest in this filed is evidenced by the publication of numerous systematic reviews in recent years. The aim of this study is to shed light and provide evidence on the results of the systematic reviews carried out to date. Thus, it was conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on work recovery outside working hours. To this end, a systematic search of potentially relevant documents was implemented in six databases, both thematic and multidisciplinary. Eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses that met the established inclusion criteria were retrieved. The content analysis of the selected papers enabled us to identify different approaches to the study of external work recovery: (a) time period;(b) work characteristics;(c) recovery experiences;(d) recovery activities;(e) processes that hinder effective recovery;and (f) variables proxy to the recovery process. Likewise, the main considered substantive occupational and psychosocial variables were systematized. It is discussed the scarce attention paid in the reviewed studies to possible cultural differences that could potentially influence the recovery process. Furthermore, no research has made special reference to the COVID-19 pandemic in work recovery, nor to the potential influence of new emerging work realities such as teleworking or co-working.

Inequalities in connectivity and academic performance during non-face-to-face teaching due to the Covid-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus has turned our world upside down. Universities were not the exception. Most administrators struggle to redesign higher education for a postCOVID world university. During the pandemic, however, many of the face-face courses turned to virtual, giving rise to or incrementing inequalities among students due to lack of equipment and network connectivity could affect their academic performance. This paper brings together evidence from various data sources and the most recent studies to describe what we know so far about the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on inequalities across several key domain factors, including the availability of equipment and connectivity could affect their academic performance. The paper explores the effect of connectivity on the academic performance of our chemical and engineering students based on (i) the location of the home, (ii) the equipment, (iii) the type of connectivity, (iv) the number of people with those in which the equipment is shared and (v) online attendance at classes, finding that the ones with the greatest impact are the lack of synchronous attendance at class, the equipment, and internet connectivity. © 2022 IEEE.

Virtualization of Laboratory Practices Using Visual Basic Excel

The COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions forced the reorganization of learning methodology and gave a central role to remote learning. Laboratory experiments are the most affected activity, and several alternatives were described. This work proposes to create calculation tools by simply programming in Visual Basic of Excel to emulate the data acquisition of specific laboratory experiments. The approach appears useful in experiments with a simple setup followed by data analysis. The experiment of gas volumetric properties allows fixing pressure and temperature conditions and measuring the occupied volume. The developed program emulates such operations and reports a computed volume. Further data reduction is the same in both procedures. Such a virtual experience was successfully used with groups of over 100 students. The results obtained were satisfactory compared with those obtained in the laboratory. Detailed analysis of the grades shows that acquired skills are comparable in both methodologies. Consequently, the virtual approach is a flexible option for remote laboratory teaching to complement traditional experimentation. Published 2022 by American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.

[Delta of neutrophil lymphocyte index and mortality in covid-19 disease]

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, due to SARS-CoV-2, is a worldwide health problem. The neutrophil-lymphocyte index allows risk stratification in patients with severe and poor prognostic data, since it reflects the inflammatory state. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Index delta predicts mortality in patients with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, comparative study in patients with COVID-19, older than 18 years, admitted to the ICU. We evaluated HAS, DM, obesity, COPD, asthma, PaO2/FiO2, tomographic severity. On admission and on days 3 and 7 we measured Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Index, SOFA and APACHE score. For statistical analysis, we performed ROC and Kaplan-Meyer curves. RESULTS: We included 180 patients with COVID-19, 63 died (35%). Delta INL1(Day1-day3)>4.11 was associated with mortality (AUC:0.633);sensitivity 55.56% and specificity 77.78%, CI95 0.55-0.70, for delta INL2 (Day1-day7)>8.95 (AUC:0.623);sensitivity 44.44% and specificity 84.62%, CI95 0.54-0.69. Difference in survival was observed for Delta1. SOFA scale >6, was associated with more days of mechanical ventilation and lower PaO2/FiO2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: INL delta between the day of ICU admission and the 3rd day of evolution is a predictor of mortality in critically ill patients.

Reproductive health in times of COVID-19

Introduction: Reproductive health is considered a general state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not the mere absence of diseases or ailments in all aspects related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes;COVID-19 has the potential to significantly affect them. Objective: Search and describe how COVID-19 can affect reproductive health. Development: SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 virus, is capable of infecting cells that express the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in their cytoplasmic membrane;various tissues of the male and female reproductive system have this enzyme and are therefore susceptible to infection, a fact that has not been demonstrated in all these tissues. Sexual behavior has been altered by psychological and other factors related to prolonged isolation. The disease has also had a negative social impact, making it difficult to access community health institutions. Conclusions: COVID-19 is capable of damaging the reproductive organs in different ways, although some are still uncertain. Psychologically affects people, and also sexual and reproductive health care services, and this has serious consequences such as abortions, decreased fertility, pregnancy-related deaths, among others. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

THE USE OF TWITTER AS A COMMUNICATION INSTRUMENT IN TOURIST DESTINATIONS IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS

This research seeks to analyze the activity, the most used topics and the ability to generate interaction of a dozen tourist destinations in Spain and Portugal through the social network Twitter in the months of November and December 2020, coinciding with the third wave of the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly affected both countries. The sample is made up of a total of six Spanish and six Portuguese tourist destinations, which correspond to Nielsen areas, geographical areas divided by this market research company based on their homogeneous marketing characteristics. Thus, in the sample there are five types of destination for each country: region or autonomous community (Andalusia, Algarve), large coastal destination (Balearic Islands, Azores), large municipality (Madrid, Lisbon), medium-sized city (Malaga, Oporto) and destination inland (Castilla y Leon, Central Portugal), to which are added the national Tourism accounts of Spain and Portugal (Turespana and Visit Portugal). To achieve this goal, a content analysis of the 1,382 tweets published by the official accounts of these destinations has been carried out. It is concluded that the pandemic did not cause a significant change in the content included on Twitter and that the destinations did not use all the potential that this social network offers as a means of information.

Ethics committee experience during COVID-19 emergency. a brief report

Background: The health crisis caused by COVID-19 required the prompt launch of research in order to generate scientific evidence pertaining to the new disease oriented to control its devastating effects and continuous spread. Therefore, it was essential to adapt the work flow of Research Ethics Committees, to prioritize and to accelerate the evaluation of projects related to this disease.

The Shift of Dental Education During and Post COVID-19

Education worldwide has been conducted in the traditional face-to-face classroom teaching style for ages, and this includes the education in dentistry. Since the introduction of online education and distance learning, teaching institutions have gradually made e-learning an integral part of teaching and learning activities. With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic and closure of teaching institutions worldwide, the faculty of dentistry is amongst the many that were forced to leap onto the online education field abruptly. There is a sudden need for educators to resort to online teaching and e-learning becomes an essential tool to be developed as an alternative to traditional education methods. This article serves as a review to explore and discuss the common concerns and institutional readiness in delivering e-learning and review the methods currently utilised during this time of crisis. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. 2021

Personal protective equipment for COVID-19 patient care: a systematic review

The main objective was to describe the use and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used by healthcare personnel for the care of patients with COVD-19 through a systematic review of the scientific literature. A systematic review of the literature on the Personal Protective Equipment used by healthcare personnel for the care of patients with COVID-19 was carried out. The search strategies used were PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILAC with the following keywords: COVID-19, Personal Protective Equipment and healthcare personnel, publications in English, Spanish, original and updated reviews. Keywords and Boolean AND and OR connections were used. A total of 2541 studies were identified, 1170 were excluded because they were not directly related to the topic;750 studies were excluded in the selection phase because they did not contribute to the topic, reading the title and ;92 articles were selected for complete reading, 51 high impact studies were selected. © 2021, Venezuelan Society of Pharmacology and Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacology. All rights reserved.

Therapeutic opportunities in adult patients with covid-19

Since the emergence of this new disease, different laboratories around the world have launched several studies in search of new techniques and forms. The objective is: To identify the different therapeutic opportunities used in adult patients with COVID-19. Methodology: It is based on an integrated bibliographic review of literature obtained from different important scientific databases such as Medline, Scielo, Bioscience, Intensive Care Medicine, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar, ELSEVIER and publications of international health entities such as WHO, PAHO and MOH. Results: articles referring to several therapeutic alternatives as treatments in COVID-19 were identified, filtered and analyzed, and the most used were antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs. Conclusions: Several drugs have been proposed as therapeutic alternatives to combat this virus, after reviewing bibliographic sources the drugs that have resulted in a better reaction in patients are hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir.

DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTBAND TO MONITOR FROM HOME THE VITAL SIGNS FOR PATIENTS WITH SARS COV 2 THROUGH A MOBILE APPLICATION FROM THE CENTRAL MILITARY HOSPITAL (HOMIL) BOGOTA 2020

After the arrival of SARS COV2 (COVID 19) many biomedical devices have been innovated to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. Despite this, none have been developed to monitor patients with mild symptoms or the asymptomatic from their homes, forcing many hospitals worldwide to send these patients home with poor surveillance measures. The main objective of this project is to monitor from the HOMIL the vital signs of COVID 19 patients, who are currently isolated in their homes. For this purpose, a biomedical device in the form of a lowcost smartband has been developed. It is linked to a mobile application connected to a database where heart rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature parameters are sent in real time. The development was proposed in phases, which involve physical design, data acquisition and processing, and subsequent trial at the HOMIL. The smartband design and the mobile application has been developed, wireless communication between sensors has been achieved. Furthermore, the plan is to provide the HOMIL with the capability of initiating emergency protocols. The use of the smartband will be encouraged in patients who have tested positive for COVID 19 through PCR and will be taken off once they test negative.

Design and 3d printing of face shields by university teachers to protect healthcare personnel against the Covid-19

Since the World Health Organization elevated the public health emergency situation caused by COVID-19 to an international pandemic, the rapid evolution of events, at the national and international levels, has required the adoption of immediate and effective measures. to face this situation. In this context, initiatives and solutions have emerged from solidarity and innovation, with the aim of alleviating the shortage of medical equipment and personal protective equipment. 3D printing has been a technological alternative successfully used to provide a quick and effective response to the need to manufacture sanitary and protective materials for professionals. At an educational level, the emergence of 3D printing technology presents the challenge of knowing how these technological means can support teaching-learning activities, used as a way to acquire knowledge and develop organizational and creative capacities, as well as that of "maker" culture, in which individuals are encouraged to create artifacts adapted to their needs or improve existing ones, using technology. As teachers we must educate to cooperate, instill values ..., setting an example for our students, future teachers in initial training. Design and 3d printing of 8656 face screen protectors with the involvement of university teachers in a maker group for two months, design programs such as Tinkercad, Blender (Windows 10), OpenScad, FreeCad, among others;and approximately 80 printers, working for the common good, cooperation, social justice, equity and solidarity, we will achieve a better society for all.

Survival predictors of severe SARSCoV-2 pneumonia in the intensive care unit: Single-center study

INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus (Covid-19) was registered. Currently, COVID-19 has affected 213 countries around the world, with approximately 6, 097,160 active cases, from which, 1% are serious or critical (1%). Several studies have reported the mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), which ranges from 25% to 62%. Mortality predictors have been identified, as male gender, elderly patients, comorbidities (e.g. Diabetes Mellitus) and organ dysfunction development (e.g. acute kidney injury, acute distress respiratory syndrome), however, few information has been reported form Latin-American countries. We aim to explore the survival predictors for severe SARS-CoV2 pneumonia patients admitted to our ICU. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study from June to July 2020. We included all the patients admitted into the ICU at the Hospital Civil De Guadalajara ?Dr. Juan I Menchaca? in Guadalajara Mexico. Patients were confirmed or suspected with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All the participant's characteristics and outcomes were adjudicated from the patients' charts. We performed a univariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: We included 64 patients, the median age was 57 years (range 25-75 years) and 44 patients (68.8%) were men. At analysis seven patients continue to be treated at the ICU. Seventeen (26.5%) patients were discharge home, four patients (6.25%) died after ICU discharge and thirtysix (56.2%) died in the ICU. In univariate Cox regression analysis, we identified the following predictors related to patient mortality: Age per year (Hazard ratio [HR]. 0.95 95% CI 0.92 - 0.99), female gender (HR 0.39 95% CI 0.16 - 0.91), absence of acute kidney injury (AKI) at ICU admission (HR 0.23 95% CI 0.07 - 0.70), absence of ARDS (HR 0.14 95% CI 0.04-0.41), absence of hemodynamic instability (HR 0.29 95% CI 0.10 - 0.81). APACHE II (HR 0.95 95% CI 0.89 - 1.01) shown a trend, however, no statistical difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: Younger age, female gender and lack of organ dysfunctions were related to patient's survival. Our study results are similar to the reported in the literature, however, our sample size was small. We will continue our recruitment and complete the follow-up to improve the statistical performance of our model.

Mediterranean diet and the risk of COVID-19 in the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' cohort.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A potential protection against COVID-19 by a high-quality dietary pattern is to be expected given the biological plausibility supporting the beneficial effects of an adequate dietary intake on the immune system. However, knowledge on the relationship between long-term maintained healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still sparse. We longitudinally assessed this association in a well-known Mediterranean cohort. METHODS: We assessed 9,677 participants from the SUN Project, a prospective cohort of middle-aged university graduates in Spain. We inquired about a positive result in a COVID-19 diagnostic test during the months of February to December 2020. After excluding health professionals (HP), 5,194 participants were included in the statistical analyses (mean age: 52.6, SD: 12.4; 55.2% women). Food habits were assessed at baseline using a previously validated semiquantitative 136-item food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (cumulative average of 2 repeated measurements 10 years apart) was assessed using the 0-to-9 Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident COVID-19 according to the MDS. RESULTS: Among 5,194 non-HP participants, 122 reported to have received a positive COVID-19 diagnostic test. Participants with intermediate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (3 < MDS ≤ 6) had a significantly lower odds of developing COVID-19 (multivariable-adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.73), and those with the highest adherence (MDS > 6) exhibited the lowest risk (multivariable-adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.84, p for trend < 0.001) as compared with participants with MDS ≤ 3. This inverse association remained robust within subgroups and in sensitivity analyses. Notwithstanding, no significant associations were observed for health professionals (p for interaction = 0.06). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, better adherence to the Mediterranean diet may be associated with a lower risk of COVID-19. Our results are applicable only to persons who are not health professionals.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of an Emerging Therapy against COVID-19: Is Convalescent Plasma a Hidden Gem Not Yet Optimized?

Background: An unprecedented global effort in identifying potentially viable and emerging drugs for effective treatment of the novel coronavirus disease (2019) is being made. Of the most promising candidate therapies, convalescent plasma (CP), albeit controversial, is approved for emergency use authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The concept rests on passive immunity, achieved by administering plasma with high titers of neutralizing antibodies to reduce severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. The aim of this paper is to assess the clinical improvement, patients' discharge status and all-cause mortality in convalescent plasma versus standard of care COVID-19 patient groups. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a review was conducted from January, 2020, until October, 2020 employing keywords including "convalescent plasma", "clinical improvement, "mortality", "adverse events", "viral load", "dosing", and survival." Dichotomous data for all-cause mortality, patients' discharge status, and clinical improvement at day 14 of treatment were meta-analyzed applying the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) random effects model using Review Manager 5.4. Results: A total of 627 (23.9%) patients in the CP group and 1997 (76.1%) patients in the control group were pooled. The studies were conducted in the United States, China, Netherlands, and Iran. The CP group had a lower association to all-cause mortality as compared to the control group [OR: 0.69;CI: 0.50 to 0.96;P=0.03]. Patients who received CP had higher probability of discharge during the study course [OR: 1.87;CI: 1.1 to 3.18;P=0.02]. Bias was expected in the analysis due to the stratified of study designs included. Conclusion: Convalescent plasma therapy may be an effective and vital tool with promising historical, current, and expected clinical trial evidence of metrics such as increased safety and reduction of all-cause mortality.